A dimensionless approach for the urban-scale evaluation of domestic rainwater harvesting systems for toilet flushing and garden irrigation

A dimensionless methodology to evaluate the water saving obtainable from large-scale implementation of domestic rain water harvesting (RWH) systems in urban areas is presented. The methodology combines the use of regressive relationships for water saving evaluation based on the results of the dimensionless rainwater tank water balance and of catchment-wide information obtained from geospatial databases. The adopted RWH scheme included internal use of rainwater for toilet flushing and external use for garden irrigation. An application to a portion of the city of Rome, Italy showed the methodology to allow systematic and accurate evaluation of RWH system performance at the selected urban scale. Results pointed out high water saving potential for toilet flushing ranging between 38–65% for tank sizes within 1–50 m³. Furthermore, more than one third of the systems provided water saving benefit for irrigation larger than 20% by using a 50 m³ tank.     

黄河防洪调度综合决策会商支持系统建设

将已建防洪业务应用系统和其他相关数据作为数据源,采用科学的数据组织处理方法,围绕黄河防洪调度综合决策会商支持系统会商主题定制出满足防汛会商需要的丰富信息,最终将各类防汛信息和相关应用系统的计算成果以形象直观的形式展现给会商决策者,辅助领导和专家进行判断。该系统已应用于防洪、防凌、调水、调沙及水资源调度管理工作中,发挥了重要作用。     

Constructing Multilevel Metadata Networks for Sharing Dispersed and Transient Information in a Mobile Environment

An intelligent multi-user mechanism has been prototyped at the Information System Collaboratory of the Pennsylvania State University, which is capable of resolving global queries with differing and overlapping information needs, spatial scalability and temporal assumptions. The sources of information for this prototype are mechanical damage monitoring sensors embedded in equipment at plant sites, on-board ships or aircrafts, archived historical and diagnostic databases like those available through NALCOMIS (NAVMASSO document J-004 EM-001C, 1995) logistics and maintenance databases at depots, interactive electronic technical manuals stored in databases, dynamic models of damage, and models of operational performance. The concept-of-operation includes mobile access to this information by equipment maintainers on-board ships, aircrafts and other mobile platforms. Real-time interoperation of these system components and databases, under dynamic equipment operating conditions of thermo-mechanical and environmental stress, requires complex interactions of internal representations of sensor data, performance requirements, resources and equipment models, with rich semantics. To support such interactions, following the work of Bright, Hurson and Pakzad (Bright, Hurson, and Pakzad, Transactions on Database Systems, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 212–253, 1994) local schema terms of available data sources are organized as the leaf nodes in a semantic network of metadata. The physical nodes of the network are partitioned into a top-down multi-level search control structure of increasing precision and decreasing semantic aggregation. Each physical node supports search through all lower layers of metadata in connected tree configurations. The resulting multilayered semantic network is modeled as a Thesaurus of terms T and relationships R. A relationship in R may be crisp or fuzzy. The DTIC (Defense Technical Information Center) thesaurus for equipment maintenance was used as a starting point in this work. It was further enhanced by application specific terms and endowed with a distance function. This distance function is used to formulate user adaptable Graphic User Interfaces (GUI) for making quality of service tradeoffs in the resolution of global queries.Step-by-step construction of the thesaurus as a multilevel metadata network, its scalability, dynamic adaptation through usage, and tolerance of semantic imprecision in query resolution are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, performance metrology for evaluating quality of service in global query resolution is also developed (Phoha, in Proceedings of the NIST Workshop on Advancing Measurements and Testing for Information Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, Oct. 1998).This work was funded by DARPA for the past four years under grant DE-FC36-94G010064, for establishing a National Information Infrastructure Testbed for Electronic Commerce in equipment health monitoring, failure diagnosis and prognosis services.     

Improving mine-to-mill by data warehousing and data mining

ABSTRACT

Mining is an interdisciplinary industry that utilises equipment and technology intensively in daily operations. Mine-to-Mill is considered as a key concept for metal mining recently. Impact of underperformed basic upstream operations such as drilling and blasting will sustain this inefficiency in downstream processes, such as mineral processing. Data provided for each of these operations from software and hardware utilised on field reached a level where advanced data analytics becomes applicable. Data warehousing and data mining are alternative tools that rely on a robust data structure. This study gives insight into a data-driven framework for modern mines and presents a data mining implementation on real-time mining-related data for prediction of blasting performance. Random forest and adaptive boosting algorithm were utilised on an integrated data warehouse to discover major operational parameters for efficient blasting. The implementation on site improved the performance of drilling and blasting. The variables highlighted as important by random forest and adaptive boosting algorithm directed the experts of mine-to-mill on site to focus on the close control and detailed analysis of certain drilling- and blasting-related parameters.     

Beyond pixels: Exploiting camera metadata for photo classification

Semantic scene classification based only on low-level vision cues has had limited success on unconstrained image sets. On the other hand, camera metadata related to capture conditions provide cues independent of the captured scene content that can be used to improve classification performance. We consider three problems, indoor-outdoor classification, sunset detection, and manmade-natural classification. Analysis of camera metadata statistics for images of each class revealed that metadata fields, such as exposure time, flash fired, and subject distance, are most discriminative for each problem. A Bayesian network is employed to fuse content-based and metadata cues in the probability domain and degrades gracefully even when specific metadata inputs are missing (a practical concern). Finally, we provide extensive experimental results on the three problems using content-based and metadata cues to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed integrated scene classification scheme.     

全国山洪灾害防治规划数据库的设计

根据全国山洪灾害防治规划的各项工作任务,详细分析全国山洪灾害防治规划信息系统的数据需求和标准,利用先进的地理信息系统技术和网络数据库技术,建设山洪灾害防治规划数据库,将全国山洪灾害纷繁复杂的信息,包括水文、气象、地形、地质、水土流失、社会经济、灾害损失、环境影响等方面的基本资料和规划成果,进行高度概括,设计并建立山洪灾害防治规划数据库,为全国山洪灾害防治规划信息系统的详细设计提供规范和总控依据.     

“数字奉化”地理空间框架建设总体设计与实现

“数字奉化”是宁波市第一个通过验收的县级数字城市地理空间框架建设项目。本文针对项目总体建设目标和任务,介绍了项目总体架构,并描述了项目建设的技术路线与相关关键技术,最后总结了项目的建设成果和经验。     

品牌评价元数据标准探析

围绕ISO10668,文章采用统一建模语言（UML）描述品牌评价元数据子集、元数据实体和元数据元素之间的关系,建立品牌评价元数据包及UML图,同时参考元数据国家标准GB／W19333．15,选取英文名称、定义、数据类型、值域、约束／条件、最大出现次数这六项属性集,建立品牌评价元数据描述集。     

高放废物地质处置预选区GIS中地学元数据设计

高放废物地质处置地学信息系统旨在综合管理、充分应用高放废物地质处置研究过程获取的多源地学信息,而建立及运行该系统都需要多源地学信息元数据的支持。在对高放废物地质处置预选区地学信息数据分析的基础上,应用现有的地学元数据标准,对其多源地学信息元数据的内容信息、管理模式与应用进行了设计研究。     

基于地理空间大数据的高效索引与检索算法

近年来,随着智能目标识别、电子传感器、协同控制以及计算机网络等先进技术的快速发展,智能交通系统实现了质的飞越,现代智能交通系统可以实现车、路、云端于一体的智能交通运输管理平台.但智能交通系统依赖于每天产生的大量的2维地理空间信息数据,因此,如何对大规模的地理空间数据进行高效的存储和查询对智能交通系统未来的普及和发展具有重要意义.然而,由于城市交通信息的复杂性、数据量大、更新速度快等特征,当前的空间索引技术很难针对2维地理空间信息数据进行高效的检索.为了优化空间大数据下2维地理空间信息数据的存储组织结构、提高检索效率,提出了一种对2维地理空间信息数据进行多层切片递归的空间索引树构造算法(multi-layer slice recursive, MSR).提出的算法首先对地图数据第1维度进行排序划分切片,生成FD(first division)切片;然后对FD切片中的地图数据进行第2维度排序,生成SD(second division)切片,在SD切片中对当前切片和相邻切片划分空间对象;最后对空间对象长度与节点容量比较进行数据聚类操作,通过判断所有切片是否完成聚类操作,自下而上递归生成MSR 树.实验表明,MSR算法构建的2维空间存储结构的查询性能优于现在最具代表性的空间索引技术基于R树的批量加载算法(sort tile recursive, STR)、STR-网格混合算法(str-grid)及高效几何范围查询算法(efficient geometric range query, EGRQ).